A Time I Was Brave

I have often been a fraidy cat about the simplest things. I remember back when I was a child and being frightened of leaving home to go to school — it was as if I feared that my family would not be there when I got back from school or that I wouldn’t know what to do in school. All my life I’ve had similar fears about many things — being able to do a good job and succeed at my work, worrying whether I’d grow up to become an independent individual who could stand on his own two feet. And, each time with each new worry, I would somehow find a way to master my fears so that they wouldn’t interfere with my life. I didn’t want to lead a life of fear, I wanted instead a life of joy and accomplishment and for the most part that is what I was able to achieve — although it never was easy for me. I do believe that deep down each of us is brave in different ways and in different situations. For example, there is the person who saves another person’s life, such as when someone falls off the subway platform and the other person rescues him. Then there is the person who finds the courage to leave his or her country in order to go to another land and start a new life. That person is very brave, too, because starting a new life in a strange land and with a different language is very, very difficult. Then there’s the person who is very shy, but who leaves the house in the morning to try to find a job and make a living. He somehow overcomes his fear. There is the mother or father who works very long hours at a hard job in order to earn money to help support the family. That person is very brave, too. There is also the person who is afraid of the local bully, but gathers his or her courage to stand up to the bully and tell him off. So tell me about your own life and the time when you were brave. What was the brave deed or act you did? How did you feel – frightened or confident? Was it hard for you to be brave? Or, if you wish, write about someone you know who has done a brave deed. Tell me who that person is and what he or she did. Remember, too, that being a writer is a brave thing to do — it shows you are willing to think deeply about important things and express them in words that may be read and heard.

Lecture Coherence Examples Essay

Examples of paragraphs that shows coherence and unity: Example 1: This is a good example because it responds to the prompt in first person, the details are thoughtful and personal, and it follows the structure I’ve taught you very well. I slightly changed the topic sentence to make it connect better to the supporting sentence. I have also made some grammatical/vocab corrections so that you can focus on content and structure when you read. To get good grades in classes, I need to plan to do three things. First of all, listening carefully to the teacher in class makes me understand the lesson. If I listen carefully to what the teacher says, I can ask questions about things that I don’t understand. I can also do the right homework that the teacher assigned. Second, doing my homework every day makes me review the lesson from class. The homework helps me to practice many things from class. I can also find questions in the homework to ask the teacher that will make my English better. Third, making an effort to study gives me the will to learn. If I don’t make an effort, I will be lazy. The will to learn makes me try to finish the homework furst, and then I will let myself go out with my friends. Finally, I try to make a plan to get a good grade in class, and I will abide by it. Notice: The yellow topic sentence is echoed (but not repeated) in the yellow concluding sentence. The three green sentences introduce an idea (listening) and then gives more information about that idea. The three blue sentences introduce a second idea (homework) and then gives more information about that idea. The three pink sentences introduce a third idea (making the effort to study) and then gives more information about that idea. Notice the use of the transitions â€Å"first of all†, â€Å"second,† â€Å"third†, and â€Å"Finally.† Example 2: This is a good example because even though it responds to the prompt in second person, the details are again very thoughtful, and the paragraph has a strong structure. I have again made some grammatical/vocab corrections so that you can focus on content and structure when you read. There are some useful ways to get the grade you want in this class. Before the class, you must preview the lessons you will listen to tomorrow. Previewing is a perfect learning habit to help you improve your learning efficiency. After previewing, you can know what the teachers will teach the net day. Then you can listen to your teachers with the questions you found the day before. In the class, you have to listen to your teacher carefully. Your teachers are professional and dedicated, and they can solve all of your problems about your studies. Listening carefully can also help you to get more information or details about tests. You can also confirm the knowledge you are not sure about, and it is an important way to improve your grade. Practicing more after class is also an important part. More practice for grammar or writing can help you to memorize. Don’t be show – speak more English, and you will improve your speaking and listening. The more exercises you di, the higher grade you will get. If you want to get the grade you want in this class, do these things before, in, and after classes. Notice: The yellow topic sentence is echoed (but not repeated) in the yellow concluding sentence. The three green sentences introduce an idea (listening) and then gives more information about that idea. The three blue sentences introduce a second idea (homework) and then gives more information about that idea. The three pink sentences introduce a third idea (making the effort to study) and then gives more information about that idea. Notice the use of both time words and placement of time words as well as repeated words for transitions

As the Federal government comes to terms with large budget deficits, Essay

As the Federal government comes to terms with large budget deficits, what will be the effect on the American economy - Essay Example Paying down the debt too fast or too far could result in the deflationary effects on the economy due to the paradox of saving. A debt that grows too far or too fast, especially if held by foreign nationals, has the effect of weakening the dollar against foreign currencies and could potentially lead to hyperinflation and economic collapse. The budget deficits that are currently in effect are not a matter of how large they are, but are more a concern of what the money is spent on. Spending more than the federal tax revenues take in has the capacity to fuel the economy or leave it in a state of debt with little or no return. For every tax dollar spent there is an opportunity cost. When tax dollars are borrowed to build roads or bridges, the money goes into the hands of employment and suppliers. This money is then recycled through the economy by the working class buying consumer goods. This stimulates the economy and provides jobs for autoworkers, carpet layers, and appliance salesmen who again recycle the money. However, if the money is spent on the design and testing of complex weapons system most of the money ends up draining the available pool of talented engineers and provides no commercial benefit (Nimroody and Hartung). Spending the money wisely can fuel the economy or be an opportunity lost. While excessive government spending, and especially wasteful disregard, may seem to be an excessive opportunity cost, the consequences may be more dire than one might expect. Adam Smith introduced capitalism to the invisible hand concept, which states that people will pursue their own self-interests, which â€Å"will ultimately benefit everyone, including the unintended. He continues by saying that any interference by government is almost certain to be injurious to the invisible hand concept† (Palmer 22). From Smith’s viewpoint of the invisible hand, all taxation contracts the economy, even when necessary. When the government runs up

Post-Implementation Challenges of the Model Audit Rule Research Paper

Post-Implementation Challenges of the Model Audit Rule - Research Paper Example Audit theory and practice also covers other areas that include the basis of audit opinion, legal liability of the auditors, and examination of frauds, audit evidence, and audit programs. For an audit to be successful, the above factors have to be analyzed critically so that the auditors achieve clarity (Reed, Shedd, Morehead, and Pagnattaro, 2009, p. 39). The auditors have to ensure that they carry out the work professionally in accordance with the laid down policies and procedures. They have to ensure that they follow the guidelines which include the auditing standards that guide them during the process of the audit. The client entrusts the auditors with the responsibility of carrying out a substantive test meant to evaluate the subject matter to provide an assurance to the intended user concerning the subject matter. The auditor faces many challenges before the audit process, during the auditing process, or after the process (Moeller, 2004, p. 39). Auditing relies on sampling and e stimation of values which makes the credibility of the process doubtful. Lack of sufficient information is one of the challenges that auditors face during the process hence making the process difficult to accomplish within the given time. International Auditing Standards requires that auditors obtain a lucid understanding of the company being audited and its environment. This understanding of the internal control system will help them identify misstatements that are material in the statements that may arise due to fraud or error. To avoid post audit problems that may arise, the auditors have to analyze the process that the company adopts critically to identify business risks. Post audit challenges are the challenges that auditors face after completion of the audit process. These challenges make the process an excellent training for the executives. The Model Audit Rule is a collection of accounting standards that govern the audit process. It ensures that auditors ensure financial sta bility and proper governance to the various companies who consult them for their services. An internal control financial report is a basic requirement in the Module Audit Rule to ensure that professionals formulate controls. It also ensures that controls are operating as intended (Vasarhelyi, 2005, p. 77). The main role of this rule is to enhance oversight of financial stability of various insurance companies. It has the responsibility of setting the guidelines that govern auditor’s independence and create rules for the audit committee. Influence of legal, regulatory, and social environments on audit theory and practice Legal, regulatory, and social environments have absolute impact on audit theory and practice. The legal environment entails criminal liabilities for auditors, auditor’s liability to clients and third parties, and their responsibility to detect frauds and errors. This is a tremendously vital part during the audit process since it governs the conduct of t he auditor during performance of the audit. The legal environment is particularly vital in reduction of post implementation challenges that will arise after the Model Audit Rule is introduces (Cheeseman, 1997, p. 79). A detailed analysis of the legal environment concerning the Model Audit Rule is necessary to ensure that companies and auditors understand the requirements of the rule. This will cut the cost of the companies and reduce

Communication Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication Theory - Essay Example The various functions of the communication theory will be discussed briefly which include the function of measuring the amount of information is transmitted, the amount of information being generated, the different types of sources, the interdependence of these sources and concepts such as noise, equivocation and causality of information. The chapter will provide a basic understanding of these concepts and will provide a clear understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the theory in measuring communication taking place. The communication theory is a purely quantitative theory used to measure how much information is transmitted to be associated in a given state of affairs and which would then in turn provide a measure as to how much information will be available at various points. This theory discusses the amounts of information being transmitted, not the type of information, as the name provides a misleading direction. In respect to studying the amount of information generated this theory works in a sort of elimination technique removing all the possibilities which have been calculated to not exist. Eliminating all the choices which will not occur provides information as to the narrowing down of the decision. A binary decision, where the elimination of half the possibilities takes place till the required outcome is obtained, is also an elimination technique used to generate information related to selections (tossing of coins selecting the winner and eliminating the loser). Bits are the number of times a binary decision has to take place before getting to the required outcome. The general formula used to compute the amount of information generated is: I(s) = log n Here the I(s) is used to denote the amount of information generated by the association of the source. n is the number of equal possibilities that may or may not occur. This formula raises a point which must be distinguished that is that the amount of information (in bits) created by some state of affairs is different from the number of binary digits that will be used to represent the state of affairs. Both are different aspects. Using binary digits instead of distinguishable characteristics can cause in the creation of less efficient codes and would cause a more complex selection and elimination process. I(s) can also be referred to as the average amount of information generated by the source which is also called the entropy of the source at s. Similarly a source r can take place. This source causes an elimination of alternatives and can be interdependent with the source s. Thus I(s) and I(r) are also interdependent. But sometimes the possibilities of occurrences are not equable. These different possibilities s1, s2,,sn can be written in the form of p(si). This is often called the surprisal of the particular event. These formulas and probabilities prove that the communication theory deals with the sources rather than be concerned with the particular messages or the amount of information associated with the events occurrence. When calculating the average amount of information associated with a given source I(s) capable of providing different individual results then we take the surprisal values of all the specific individual possibilities of that source. Another thing

Art image Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art image - Essay Example The addition of text into the image will improve accessibility and understanding (Nadaner 26)The product targets female as such its advert should have the females because it is gender specific. The image relates perfectly with the concept of marginalization by indicating the segregation and perception existing in the society. The failure to address the issue of feminism and gender roles is reflected in the image through the figures used in advertising. The level of creativity depicted in the image is high with the focus being on the figures and the text (Zolberg and Cherbo 66). The message is passed across accurately and creates a sense of belonging to the users of the product. It creates the desire to associate with the image. Images are inspired through concept broadcast and accessibility (Hooks 17). The change in the image ensured accessibility of the information passed across and the understanding of the focus of the artist. In conclusion, the image captures the three main concepts of belonging, marginalization and

Comparative esaay comparing three stories. Everyday Use,Rose for Essay

Comparative esaay comparing three stories. Everyday Use,Rose for Emily,Dead Mans Path. How each story shows progression - Essay Example In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, the Grierson house stands as a testament to a different era that has withstood the test of time. First, it stood as a monument, a breathing, living symbol of the Griersons’ wealth and power in their town. The looming structure sheltered Emily’s ancestors, her father and aunt, and lastly, herself. After her father’s death, it became a shield with which she drove away others from her, and she hid behind her shield so well that nobody had access to what was going on inside the house. And yet, as time passed, the house also became her prison. She was chained to the comfort and protection that her family’s house provided. Her faithful manservant became her only contact to the outside world, and even he was not fully aware of the developments in the town. Emily did not even know that the mayor who spared her family from taxes has been gone for a decade. It is this kind of sameness within her cocoon that made her retreat from th e world so effective. The house also contained her secrets, and hid them well. Nobody has ever set foot inside the house for so long, and this has added to that air of mystery that it embodied. Even when Emily opened her house to children who came to learn china painting, she did not reveal to them all of the hidden nooks and crannies of her abode. The house remained formidable, a stalwart witness to the passing of time. In the end, however, time was the only thing that remained, and upon Emily Grierson’s death, the house had to be opened up to enquiring neighbors. It was then that they finally discovered the secrets that the house harbored for a long time, and in a way, this became Emily’s posthumous salvation, for in the very end, they understood that she too experienced love for a man, and that she too, whom they previously thought was above them, was very human and was not after all alien to the willful demands of passionate love. The house then became a symbol of Emily’s emancipation and liberation, and of how, when it finally opened up to the outside world, it had withstood the progression of time. A similar symbol of liberation can be found in â€Å"Everyday Use.† The quilt, which was handed down from generation to generation, represented Maggie and Dee’s family heritage and identity, and the richness of their family’s history. The significance of the title lies in the way that the quilt brought out the fundamental differences between Maggie and Dee. Each saw the quilt quite differently: Dee thought that the quilt was good to hang in the wall and to be preserved, given that she has learned, through her progression to being cultured and educated, that the quilt must be handled with care. Maggie – and her mother – on the other hand saw the quilt as a source of comfort and connection to their older generations, and as such, must be kept closer to heart and be used daily for the very purpose that it wa s intended. The way they viewed the quilt represented the fundamental difference between their characters. The conversation revolving around Dee’s name change also revealed the kind of relationship that Dee had with her family. It can be inferred that Dee was not aware that she was not named after white people, but rather, that her name was a derivative from their ancestors. It was this kind of not-knowing, of ignorance of their family

The Notion of Type and its Importance in the 20th Century Essay

The Notion of Type and its Importance in the 20th Century - Essay Example Deutscher Werkbund was established in 1907 by Hermann Muthesius and Friendrich Naumann in order to consolidate art and industry . The debates surrounding Werkbund focused on Muthesius' concept of â€Å"Typisierung†. According to Muthesius, mass production denoted standardization; however, he combined the economic concept of standardization with Platonic ideal types. Muthesius' ideas were heavily criticized by a number of artists and architects. The debate between him and Van de Velde was not about mechanization, but on the role of the artist. Whereas Muthesius asserted that the artist was separated and abstracted from the production process, Van de Velde advocated the artistic freedom and creativity . Muthesius and Werkbund did not care much about the Fordist aspects of the mass production, rather they tried to bring organization to the otherwise chaotic world of the mass production ruled by fashion, individualism and arbitrariness. Peter Behrens' designs for AEG, which were c alled Types, epitomized the various tendencies within the Werkbund. Behrens's workplace in Berlin has become an atelier for many young architects including Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, who would shape the Modern Movement. They learned architecture directly from Behrens. As Curtis noted Le Corbusier practicality and idealism was enhanced through his work for Peter Behrens, who saw mechanization as a vital force in creation of the modern culture.5 Figure 1, Peter Behrens, Types, AEG, 1912. The Werkbund's approach was influential until the end of World War I. However, later on, both Gropius and Le Corbusier abandoned the theoretical approaches of the Werkbund. Before 1914, debates were focused on the design of commodities. After 1920, the architectural issues have increasingly become the focus. Adolf Loos holds a special place in the history of modern architecture, not just as a pioneering figure of the Modern movement, but also as a critic of the Werkebund. In his influential article â€Å"Ornament and Crime† (1908) he argued that elimination of ornaments from the useful objects was beneficial to culture â€Å"reducing the time spent on manual labour and releasing energy for the life of the mind†6. This article can be regarded as an attack to the Werkebund in a sense that it was unacceptable for Loos to give the artist a form-giving role7. He did not believe that the artist is the creator of everyday useful objects8.According to him, style was the outcome of several economic and cultural conditions. Hence he also criticized Muthesius on the ground that he substituted form for ornament9. As Kenneth Frampton indicated , for Loos â€Å"all culture depended on a certain continuity with the past; above all, on a consensus as to a

Compare, contrast and summarize the information from all 3 article Essay

Compare, contrast and summarize the information from all 3 article together) - Essay Example ve perception of the nursing profession and unsatisfactory working conditions particularly played a critical role in influencing the decisions for most nurses to leave the nursing field. From the study findings, Gok and Kicaman (2011) concluded that strategies aimed at addressing the high turnover rates in nursing needed to apply a multidimensional perspective in the improvement of working conditions in the nursing field. The article by Kalisch, Lee and Rochman (2010), investigates the role of staff and unit characteristics as well as teamwork in influencing job satisfaction among the nursing staff. The study involved 3675 nurses drawn from five hospitals and 80 patient care units who participated in a teamwork survey. The analysis of the survey results revealed a strong association between occupational satisfaction and the levels of teamwork in the working environment. Other factors such as job title, current position, and gender further influenced the levels of job satisfaction in the nursing field. The patient unit in which the nurses served also influenced their levels of job satisfaction. Kalisch, Lee and Rochman (2010) concluded that high levels of teamwork, adequate staffing and the care patient units contribute to enhanced job satisfaction hence the need to promote teamwork in the nursing field. The article written by Jenaro, Flores, Orgaz, and Cruz (2010) explores the association between work engagement, dedication, assimilation, vigor, and job satisfaction. The study entailed 412 nurses who participated in work engagement surveys, an ad hoc survey and response to general health questions. The study reveals that 65.5% met the criteria for anxiety, 10% for severe depression, and 49% the somatic symptoms criteria (Jenaro, Flores, Orgaz, & Cruz, 2010). About 33% of the participants expressed high dedication, about 20% had high vigor and approximately 36% expressed high absorption (Jenaro, Flores, Orgaz, & Cruz, 2010). The reported levels were

Hospitality Contract and Event Management Essay

Hospitality Contract and Event Management - Essay Example ........................... 12 References .................................................................................................. 13 The Scenario Events have become important in our lives. Events refer to a happening called for a specific objective which is planned and managed like a project. An event is ‘an organized occasion such as a meeting, convention, exhibition, special event, gala dinner, and so forth’ (CIC, 2003 as cited in Bowdin et al., 2006, p. 14). Business events are happenings designed for conferences, exhibitions, incentive travel, and corporate events. They are categorized and referred with an acronym MICE, representing meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions/events. Events lead to value creation process when organisations create interactions among employees and events provide a unique experience. External factors affecting planning and management in the event and contract sectors 1.1 Main characteristics of the contract and event ca tering sectors The meetings industry is a large contributor to the gross domestic product of the United States and the United Kingdom (Craven & Golabowski 2001, p. 3). Planning, organization and management of the event should be considered as a project and that the events planner and the team in charge of the implementation should adopt a project management approach to planning and delivering their event (Conway 2004). This must be accompanied with a business plan along with a written plan and report. Contract and event catering have become parts of a growing industry. It is young and maturing at a rapid rate. Conferences are at the forefront of modern communications, whether this is for internal communications or as a vehicle for communication with key audiences. Conference is a generic term to... Events have become important in our lives. Events refer to a happening called for a specific objective which is planned and managed like a project. An event is ‘an organized occasion such as a meeting, convention, exhibition, special event, gala dinner, and so forth’ (CIC, 2003 as cited in Bowdin et al., 2006, p. 14). Business events are happenings designed for conferences, exhibitions, incentive travel, and corporate events. They are categorized and referred with an acronym MICE, representing meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions/events. Events lead to value creation process when organisations create interactions among employees and events provide a unique experience. External factors affecting planning and management in the event and contract sectors 1.1Main characteristics of the contract and event catering sectors The meetings industry is a large contributor to the gross domestic product of the United States and the United Kingdom (Craven & Golabowski 2001, p. 3). Planning, organization and management of the event should be considered as a project and that the events planner and the team in charge of the implementation should adopt a project management approach to planning and delivering their event (Conway 2004). This must be accompanied with a business plan along with a written plan and report. Contract and event catering have become parts of a growing industry. It is young and maturing at a rapid rate. Conferences are at the forefront of modern communications, whether this is for internal communications or as a vehicle for communication with key audiences. Conference is a generic term to describe a diverse mix of communications events. (Rogers 2003, p. 45)

Athletic Leadership Development Program Essay Example for Free

Athletic Leadership Development Program Essay There is great need to develop effective athletic management programs in high schools. Apart from the fact that students derive direct benefit from such programs, it is also a good training resource since todays high school athletes will eventually take shape as tomorrows sports leaders as coaches, trainers, athletic administrators, sports physicians, sports psychologists and other capacities (Lanasa, Ciletti Lackman, 2005). High school is a very important stage in which students prepare for the future by getting a good education, making friends and participate in other activities such as athletics. It is unfortunate, that many schools have adopted budget cuts that under provide for sports, taking the opinion that money would be better spent on academics. Though it is right that academics come first, sacrificing high school sports is dangerous to the students’ high school experience as it affects their ability to perform at optimum academic levels (Amorose Horn, 2000). Sports are also an important component that helps students develop into well-rounded adults who give full benefits to the country at large. INTRODUCTION This paper will carry out a literature review to illustrate how a School Athletic Leadership Plan works to give students full benefits. In extension, the school as an institution also derives high levels of achievement and satisfaction from the same. It will show how students with an interest in the field of training and treatment of athletes can effectively be prepared by the school athletic training programs. They are a perfect opportunity of gaining college and career preparation. These programs give an appropriate opportunity to the attainment of information, certification, scholarships and networking for students (MacGregor, 2005). HOW TO DEVELOP A LEADERSHIP PROGRAM This section will evaluate the leadership program adopted by Wheeler High School in Indiana. It presents a situation that is appropriate to most high schools where there are potentially good players but their hopes and targets fail to materialize due to lack of a well organized sports framework and leadership in the school. On evaluation of the progress and areas that need change, Snodgrass notes that the foremost problem was the lack of player leadership in the students’ teams coupled with the lack of senior talent (2005). Borrowing from the plan adopted by this school, this paper will give guidelines on how a school athletic leadership plan can be developed. Structure of the program An effective leadership program should start by identifying players that can participate in the plan. For starters, the first class could be made up of six senior and two junior students who would meet weekly for two to three hours over a ten week period (Snodgrass, 2005). In this period, they would they would participate in the curriculum by carrying out the following; Interaction They are expected to visit and spend one or two hours in the curriculum each night (Snodgrass, 2005). From this interaction, the head of the plan identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the selected team by observing how they interact and how committed they are. This is the stage at which the leaders and those with skills valuable to the plan are identified. As they share ideas, hopes and aspirations, this pilot group can come up with an excellent blueprint of the plan since they are better positioned to know what would work with their fellow student athletes and what would not. Activities strengthening core values The activities that strengthen core values are important as they set the plan in motion with the rest of the student athletes. The pilot group of eight should each be assigned a group of student with which they carry out these activities. This could occur in class for discussions and after knowing each other, the group members should engage in out of class activities. Group leaders are expected to call incoming players and engage with them with an aim of getting to know them intimately (University of Wisconsin, 2007). This is a very important step as the group leaders get in a position to identify strengths and weaknesses that might be hidden from the coaches and teachers. This enables the teams to avoid failures that commonly arise from the lack of proper understanding within the team. Leadership in youth camps The eight members of the pilot team should serve as counselor at the summer youth camp. They are expected to take up roles such as teaching a position, coaching the team in flag football, running the punt-pass-kick contest etc (Young Edmonson, 2010). It should involve activities such as story narrations to emphasize the importance of team playing. The plan should be sure to implement a youth summer camp. The Handbook of Organizational Consulting Psychology underscores the importance of such camps in the development of leadership plans. It is from such camps that the members emerge as a team understanding each other, with strong leadership and ready to work together (Fiedler, 2002). The above activities lay the foundation on which the plan can be built upon. After getting the required individuals to spearhead the program and the necessary team sprit, the plan can proceed into the next step in which it formally assembles the best ideas and strategies for the leadership program in form of a blueprint discussed in the following section. PLANNING THE BLUEPRINT Snodgrass defines a blueprint as the process of designing a leadership program in any field from start to finish (2005). It guides the implementation of the whole process and it gives guidelines on how to check progress and success levels. This paper will provide a blueprint that is divided into steps as follows; Step 1: Assembling the planning team According to the program adopted by the Leigh University for the summer of 2007, the planning team should comprise all the key stakeholders to build a program that is acceptable campus wide (Fiedler, 2002). It is imperative to ensure that all individual stakeholders understand the importance of athletics in the life of the students. Teachers and other members of staff should be ready to sacrifice some academic hours in order to bring the plan into track. In this university, the team consisted of coaches from the Athletic Department, administrators and student-athletes as well as staff from the Dean of Student’s Office to attain a healthy balance (Young Edmonson, 2010). They should meet weekly to discuss the rest of the steps in the blueprint. Step 2: Conducting a leadership audit â€Å"The leadership audit is a systematic assessment of leadership development opportunities at the institution and beyond. A complete audit includes both internal and external reviews and inventories all leadership opportunities† (Lanasa, Ciletti Lackman, 2005). Internal audit: The information from this audit should find out whether there are other leadership initiatives on campus in which student-athletes can participate (). Fiddler finds that often these programs are not designed to directly increase the value of the student’s leadership and do not fundamentally impact Athletics as a whole(Amorose Horn, 2000). There should be goal setting and skill building workshops that are conducive to the unique schedules of student-athletes and athletics department staff. External audit: This involves researching specific leadership opportunities at other institutions. This should particularly look for leadership development programs and delivery options within other institutions (Robinson Skinner, 2008). It can be done in neighboring schools that have highly successful leadership development programs to identify crucial aspects that can be adopted. It can also be done online or from other literature on the issue to set good standards for a comprehensive plan. Step 3: Identification of an anchor The anchor is another crucial aspect of the plan that should be in place. Young and Edmonson define it as the â€Å"existing institutional purpose, outreach or reason that makes the program’s efforts essential and justifies the investment of time, energy and resources to support the effort (2010). It helps in the acceptance of the plan since it does not appear as something totally alien. For instance the mission statement of Lehigh University is; â€Å"To advance learning through the integration of teaching, research, and service to others† (Young and Edmonson, 2010). To be in tandem with the school’s mission statement, the Lehigh Athletics Mission Statement could be made to capture that of the institute, e. g. â€Å"Our mission in the Lehigh Athletics Department is to advance learning to develop leadership, and to foster personal growth through comprehensive athletics programming. † (Young and Edmonson, 2010). This way, the plan manages to entrench itself within existing institutional goals and hence all stakeholders can comfortably identify with it and work towards its implementation. As such, teachers for instance would drop their hard line stance towards the plan as they feel it helps in academics. Step 4: Determining the scope The scope is the extent of the leadership experience which encompasses aspects such as how deep the program will be embedded in institutional culture and the programmatic mission and learning objectives (Robinson Skinner, 2008). The scope should be connected to the vision, mission, and learning outcomes of the school’s sports department. Vision: the plan should be aimed at cultivating a culture of leadership which encourages self-awareness, commitment to team playing, and emphasis on values and actions that enhance a good athletic experience. (Amorose Horn, 2000) Mission: the sports department should use the plan to complement and support the larger missions of the institution as a whole. This can be achieved with the use of the transformational leadership theory that enhances student’s leadership skills and understanding (Fiedler, 2002). It should accomplish a sense of community among al stakeholders focusing on the value of positive leadership. Learning outcomes: these are the benefits that the students should derive from participating in the Athletic Leadership Program. Firstly, they enhance their knowledge of basic leadership skills and principles. Others are interpersonal skills, integrity, peer motivation, self awareness and the value of diversity in every situation (University of Wisconsin, 2007). This will enhance their wellbeing in every field of life in school and beyond. Step 5: Shaping the philosophy A philosophy is important in shaping an appropriate vision, mission and goals for a comprehensive Athletic Leadership Program. Robison and Skinner put forward two examples of philosophy that can be used to achieve this end. They do so by addressing the unique needs of student-athletes, teams and coaches (2008). The Transformational Leadership Theory is the primary philosophy in which the program is embedded. â€Å"It describes a course of action where both leaders and participants engage in a mutual, ongoing process of raising one another to higher levels of motivation, moral reasoning, and self-consciousness† (Robinson Skinner, 2008). This encourages collaboration and interdependence within participants by appealing to social and community focused values. Principle-Centered Leadership Theory: this theory is based on principle based leadership. Leaders are required to center their practices in natural based practices. Their values can only be effective if they remain true to these guiding principles, which are identified as; â€Å"continually learning, service-oriented, radiate positive energy, believe in other people, lead balanced lives, see life as an adventure, are synergistic, and exercise for self-renewal† (Robinson Skinner, 2008). Step 6: Selecting delivery framework These are the strategies and individuals to be used for teaching participants about leadership. This includes positional leaders and emerging ones. Positional leaders include coaches and captains who are directly responsible of development of athleticism in individual-student athletes which will ultimately lead them to winning championships (Fiedler, 2002). Emerging leaders include students joining the program and those who have been it for a while and want to further their leadership skills. This way, the plan ensures that it has a never ending supply of talent and new leadership, i. e. it is sustainable. Step 7: Select Assessment and Evaluation Strategies This step ensures that intentional assessment and evaluation tools will are available. It is recommended that the implementation of the blueprint is assessed after the first full year of implementation. The tools to be used for this assessment may include â€Å"focus groups, student-athlete exit interviews, pre- and post-surveys, student-athlete post-season evaluations, etc† (University of Wisconsin, 2007). This process is meant to explore needs, outcomes and satisfaction derived from the plan. CONCLUSION A School Athletic Leadership Plan like the one outlined above will go a long way in accomplishing a varied range of needs in the school. It clearly shows the need to implement an effective plan from which students can derive numerous benefits. The step by step process is imperative in creating a leadership program which is self sustaining and which is deeply rooted in the institutional goals and vision. This ensures that it is embraced by all. REFERENCES Amorose, A. J, and Horn T. S (2000). Intrinsic Motivation: relationship with collegiate athletes’ gender, scholarship status, and perceptions of their coaches’ behavior. Journal of sport and exercise psychology. 22(1), 63 – 84. Fiedler, F. E (2002). Proactive ways to improve leadership performance. Handbook of organizational consulting psychology, 76 – 105, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Lanasa, J. , Ciletti, D. and Lackman, R. (2005). Designing a Model for Improved Outcomes Among Students- Athletes in Sports Education. Left Coast Press. Retrieved, 6th August, 2010http://lcoastpress. metapress. com/index/6jp60m3240x253mm. pdf MacGregor, G. M. (2005). Designing Student Leadership Programs: Transforming the Leadership Potential of Youth. Youthleadership. com Robison, T. I and Skinner, T. (2008). The Athlete and the Grade Change. Cases in Educational Leadership. Retrieved, 6th August, 2010http://jel. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/11/1/106 Snodgrass, S. (2005). Building a high school leadership program. Gale, Cengage Learning. University of Wisconsin. (2007). A Grounded Theory Of High Quality Leadership Programs: Perspectives From Student Leadership Development Programs In Higher Education. Madison: University of Wisconsin. Young, J. and Edmonson, S. (2010). High School Athletic Directors and Educational Leadership Traits: A Conceptual Analysis of the Literature. Retrieved, 6th August, 2010http://www. ncpeapublications. org/attachments/article/33/m34613. pdf

Indigenous knowledge Essay Example for Free

Indigenous knowledge Essay The project is the instrument for supporting, collecting and storing indigenous knowledge provided by the diverse community population. As long as the project is aimed at creating neighbourhood portals to store oral, pictorial and other creations of community members (Vancouver Community Network, 2001), the use of this tool will lead to effective sharing and transferring the indigenous knowledge among different community members. Funding issues Funding remains one of the most problematic areas in any non-profit community-based project. (Baum, HS 2001, p. 21) As a result, the current project does not provide the readers with sufficient financial information. It is understandable, that Vancouver Community Network is a stable developing organisation with financial issues professionally addressed (brief information is provided on the system of organization’s revenues, membership fees and similar financial data). (Vancouver Community Network, 2001) It is yet unclear, what the exact resources of project financing would be and how they would comply with the community project requirements. Organizational challenges and dilemmas The major challenge faced by project organisers is in dealing with diverse community populations. Diversity has traditionally been admitted as a serious barrier to the development of technological tools. (Vancouver Community Network, 2001) Though project initiators recognise diversity as one of the organizational issues, there is still vast area of research to be conducted, whether the project will lead to equal access and outcomes for all layers of community population. Traditional and non-traditional project approaches The traditional striving towards provision of the vulnerable communities with the opportunities to learn and interact has been supplemented by the new idea of using Internet to enhance community resources. (Vancouver Community Network, 2001) It has become an essential aspect of the project development. This is why the project is expected to be successful in promoting community interactions, indigenous knowledge transfers, discussions of the local issues and learning opportunities on the equity bases. Conclusion. Despite the fact that the project contains several ‘weak’ aspects to be re-considered, its initial idea will prove to be a success in case the discussed problematic areas are properly addressed. Otherwise, the existing social issues and related problems may become a serious organisational obstacle on the way of project development and implementation. Bibliography Atherton, JS 2005, Learning and teaching: Reflection and reflective practices. Retrieved September 30, 2007 from http://www. learningandteaching. info/learning/reflecti. htm Baum, HS 2001, ‘How should we evaluate community initiatives?’, Journal of the American Planning Association, vol. 67, pp. 19-22 Day, P Schuler, D 2004, Community practice in the network society: Local action, global interaction, Routledge, London. Messinger, L 2004, ‘Comprehensive community initiatives’, Social Work, vol. 94, pp. 39-41 Vancouver Community Network 2001, Vancouver Community Learning Network. Retrieved September 30, 2007 from http://www2. vcn. bc. ca/ Wack, P 2006, ‘Planning for sustainability: Creating livable, equitable, and ecological communities’, Journal of the American Planning Association, vol. 72, pp. 123-131 \.

The Paradox Of Omnipotence Philosophy Essay

The Paradox Of Omnipotence Philosophy Essay While tackling free will as a solution to the problem of evil, Mackie who holds that the problem adequately makes the existence of an omnipotent, wholly good God irrational, argues that God in his omnipotence could have made man with a free will to always choose the right thing. Gods failure to intervene in the evil application of free will can only be justified thus: that God gave man the highest liberty that He cannot control mans will. However, herein arises the paradox of omnipotence. If God created men so free that he cannot control their wills, then there is something he cannot do he cannot control mans will and would thus not be omnipotent, but if it be that God has the ability to have control over mans will, then He has failed at something creating a man whose will He has no control over and thus would not be omnipotent. When the query we are considering is phrased as a question: can God create a man who has such freedom that God cannot intervene in his actions, answering e ither yes or no leads to the implication that God fails at doing something and thus cannot be omnipotent. This paper will focus on the paradox of Omnipotence which would in and of itself prove the irrationality of the existence of a God who has a primary component of omnipotence. The mention of the sorounding content of Mackies paper Evil and Omnipotence only serves as background information on how he comes to encounter the paradox to be debated. I will define omnipotence, present the paradox in the common place example of the stone, then recount the paradox of omnipotence as Mackie describes it. The second part of my paper will attempt to solve the paradox of omnipotence by considering a restructured definition of the trouble presented by the paradox of omnipotence where I will categorize degrees of failure in levels. After observing that restrictions to omnipotence defeat the term itself, I will consider if the paradox can be solved rationally if the omnipotent being existed in timelessness. I will use the term omnipotence to mean all powerful. The paradox of omnipotence is commonly exemplified by the riddlelike question that one was told naughty children asked their pastors: whether God can create a stone he cannot lift where he answers in the affirmative, he would be admitting Gods inability to create a stone of certain characteristics, if he answered in the negative he would be admitting that there is something God cannot do lift the stone after creating it, thus each either answer would contradict omnipotence, a central tenement for the God of Western tradition. Mackie defines the God in question as omnipotent, discredits the coherence of omnipotence and therefore discredits the existence of a God defined with a primary characteristic of omnipotence. Like those who ask about the creation of the unliftable stone, Mackie asks whether God can create a being that he cannot control in the case of the man with free will. To the his objectors response (which he had anticipated earlier in the paper) that God creates casual laws or rules of logic which he chooses to follow, Mackie asks whether the omnipotent being can make rules which bind his power. This question plays out like that of creating of an omnipotent God creating man with free will: If God could create casual rules, despite choosing to follow them freely, His powers would be restricted by these rules and after their creation , He could do what these rules restrict Him from. Should the answer be negative, then there is something he cannot do he fails at the ability to create the causal laws. Mackie then says that one cannot respond by saying that his questions are not proper because if the a question of a similar nature was asked about man and machines: whether man can create a machine over which he has no control over, the question would be considered sound. He thus points to the notion of omnipotence as the source of the problem. He appreciates that theological determinists would argue that man in his assembly predisposed the machine to act in certain ways as did God in his creation of man and that being omniscient God was already aware of the specific actions man would take. However, Mackie highlights that the question is not on Gods original influence at creation but His continuos influence. Mackie compares the probability of Gods restriction by the laws of nature to a parliament that creates a law that liquidates its power. Can a parliament create a law that nullifies its power? If one answers yes, they would be considering a as a laws something set by a body that would no longer be valid as the item of governance. Yet if they say no, one would be denying the sovereignty of the body by saying there is a law it cant make. Contrasting actions arrive to the same denial of omnipotence. This implies that omnipotence as a concept is logically incoherent. Mackie solves this paradox by distinguishing between laws that govern the land (which he names first order laws) and laws that govern the law making body( which he calls second order laws). He says we can consider a parliament to have absolute power over the first order laws or a present parliament which has both absolute power over creation of laws for the land and laws governing itself but that we cannot conceive of a parli ament having control over laws that govern parliament yet guarantee that future parliaments will have absolute power over first order laws because the present parliament may remove a parliaments ability to create laws of the land. We can reconcile God and the laws of logic in the same way. If Gods powers were considered in the categories of power over creation and power to create the rules which creation shall follow. Then we can conceive of God always having omnipotence but none of his creation can have free will or that at one instance God could have both first and second order omnipotence in which he creates laws for creation to follow independently thereafter creation would determine its future in accordance with the laws assigned but that God would have relinquished his first order omnipotence of directly determining the actions of all of creation. Mackie reaches the conclusion that God can have omnipotence if it is categorized as above: one eternally or to have one and two at one instant but to forever relinquish 1 but not both powers continuously unless God were to exist outside time. I find Mackies attempt to reconcile omnipotence over eternity by creating orders compelling. It feels more natural to have an omnipotent being who cannot create a stone that he cant lift than it does to have him lack the ability to lift a stone. There is something to be said about that. Perhaps because the latter, yes, he can create a being that he cannot control seems self defeating and would in itself express a limit to his power in a positive sense. I say positive sense because something would exist of which he would not wield power over. That object in that sense would have power over him so to speak. However, in the first case of answering, no an omnipotent being cannot create something that he cannot control, it appears to be in accordance with his power that he does not create an object embedded with a limit to his power. Because no indicates that this object cannot be brought into existence, in its consideration it is an abstract limit to his power, not as real as that being he cannot control when we answer yes because that being already exists. This view would lead to levels of failure where in the first level of failure would be failing to create a stone he cannot lift is considered a comparatively more powerful state than the second level of there existing the being that cannot be controlled. Though the analogy is not exact to Mackies this is to say that I cannot equate my first level to his first order and my second level to his second order, it borrows from Mackie that we would have to put a restriction to explain or have omnipotence. Nevertheless I ran into the same point of the paradox that Mackie runs into: that the existence of the restriction contradicts the concept of omnipotence. Omnipotence is absolute and cannot have exception for this or the other ability. The stanford encyclopedia of philosophy defines omnipotence as maximal power so that the being possessing it only need to have a total power that beats every other beings, not the ability to do everything. This suggests a distinction between power and ability. Such omnipotent being is conceivable but is this really omnipotence? There is the suggestion of an essentially omnipotent being who cannot will Himself out of omnipotent, here again we run into the paradox. How can an all powerful being fail at something willing himself out of omnipotence. But if He could, He wouldnt be omnipotent, thus we would loose the eternity. If the discussion were to halt here, I would agree with Mackie that omnipotence is incoherent. However, there is the suggestion of God existing in timeless which Mackie touches on but immediately dismisses that might yet solve our paradox without proven irrational. Omnipotence as power in an absolute state would entail the ability to influence events which would appear to be beyond influence for being defined as past events. If God existed in time then, time would be his master and this would add to the unfeasibility of omnipotence. However, if we were to consider God to exist outside the frame of time, in timelessness, this would remove the confine of time. Suppose God could posses life all at once, as the Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy includes in the definition of timelessness. Imagine an instance that was eternal, so that events would not be a sequence within time but one unity as if they were simulteneous this would be the scope of this Gods life. Perhaps as all the time periods of the universe compressed as into one which He would experience as a whole. It is quite challenging to define timelessness without applying terms that refer to finite time because the words are all formed with reference to time and in defining timelessness w ould be negating ie. saying not time. Even the encyclopedias words life all at once use the word once which is itself takes from time. But this does not mean that the something like this supreme being cannot exist in timelessness. If one considers time as a frame, it suggests the possiblilty of factors outside time itself bringing this frame into existence. If we consider defining time in terms of change:We can observe the age of statue by observing it wear Sometimes we define time in terms of the change of the frame so that if we created a statue that did not wear out, we can observe (through the sense of sight) that it has existed for such and such a time by observing the change in its environment. Change around an object that isnt extended in space might be harder to quantify, but perhaps this would serve no purpose for if this being was experiencing all of life simultenously, there would be no change and thus no time. If it was the case that God experienced life all at once and there was happiness and sadness on earth, He would experience them both simulteneously. Perhaps contradiction is a term defined by the rules of our logic just the way there was a time when men laughed at the thought of flying but today we have planes. Ability and contradiction might defined in terms of the realm of possiblity perceived by that generation. Perhaps the contradiction even a frame of the human mind operating in a universe subject to natural laws and logic but just as the universe exists there could exists something other forms ( non universe forms) that follow different laws, perhaps even laws of contradiction if one can envision such a world, Gods form could be one such. The God of contradiction could create a stone that he cant lift, yet as all of life is in an instant, he would (at what would appear to us to be a different time) lift it as well. We can thus not rule out an omnipotent being in timelessness where omnipotence is conceivable. I agree with Mackie that a God who is eternally omnipotent, having absolute omnipotence to both influence events and create laws to govern how events are influenced is incoherent because he could at one instant create the rule that would restrict Himself from further influencing events. However, I disagree with Mackies dismissal of the concept of God in timelessness: if it is conceivable that God can experience life all at once: what to us would appear to be a sequence of events at different times within the frame of time would occur at one eternal instant so contradictions could occur. Perhaps if the definition of a thing is determined by the existence of its opposite, that we only notice red because other colors exist and perhaps if there were no other color we would just never conceive of any color altogether, if time exists, perhaps it is because we can imagine timelessness, or its possibility. Timelessness cannot be ruled out, consequently neither can an omnipotence that Mackie can grant if timelessness existed.

Gun Use Must Be Strictly Regulated Essay examples -- Gun Control, Pers

Human life is priceless and cannot be exchanged. With logic, one can conclude that any action taken to steal a human’s life must be forced out of the community that we live in. Drugs, guns, and alcohol are all detrimental to human beings. Among them all, however, guns are known to have the most direct impact on human lives. Many murders have been made, many threats, and suicides. Many cases have been able to take place because of guns. Therefore, gun control must definitely take place in the society that we live in today. Then, why do some people desire the country to require everyone to have a gun in their homes? Why is it that they want the guns to lie around as if they were nothing dangerous? First, because they believe guns will reduce the crime rate; second, because the people who use the guns are the ones who kill, not the guns; and third, because guns are necessary to play a popular sport. All these three reasons to oppose gun control can be argued against. On the other hand, gun control is absolutely necessary because first, the only function of a gun is to kill, second, g...

Cyberculture :: Computers Technology Internet Essays

Cyberculture Through new technologies including computers, World Wide Web, and email, we have seen many changes the way we think about and carry out the process of writing. While most seem to welcome new technologies others like Sven Birkets believe these new technologies are hurting the learning process. He writes, â€Å"Many educators say that our students are less and less able to read, or analyze, or write with clarity and purpose. Who can blame the students? Everything they meet with in the world around them gives the signal: That was then, and electronic communications are now (63). This â€Å"cyberculture† that we are a part of has truly changed the way we currently live our lives. If we use new technologies to enhance learning and not it’s primary source we as a culture, a â€Å"cyberculture† will be able to make even greater advances than previously anticipated. Presently the need for actual printed textbooks is on the decline and is sure to c ontinue as we move further into the future. I was first introduced to computers in the early 1980’s and have witnessed first hand the advancements we as a culture have made over the past twenty years. I have gone from the green screen that we learned create a program that would make our name repeat itself on the screen, to creating a full functioning web page. The computer games have come a long way as well. There were two games on our school computers when I first started, â€Å"Lemonade stand† and â€Å"Lawnmower†. These were very basic games that were very badly animated if you could chose to call it animation. These games didn’t have a hand controller since the â€Å"Joy stick† wasn’t invented yet. The games of today look as though a movie crew has filmed them. The first word processing programs had to be loaded by disk each time you wanted to use them and were quite expensive. Today the programs are already loaded and stored in the computer and the expense is ve ry minimal. Our word processing programs can check for spelling and punctuation errors as well as grammar mistakes. For those who have grown up with this option it may not seem like a big deal but for those of us that learned to type on a typewriter that wasn’t even electric these advances are enormous.

The Holy Bible :: essays research papers

Our Children Children are the offspring born to a husband and wife in marriage relationship. To the Hebrews, children were considered gifts from God, and to be childless was considered a reproach; 'And after those days his wife Elisabeth conceived, and hid herself five months, saying, Thus hath the Lord dealt with me in the days wherein he looked on me, to take away my reproach among men'; (Luke 1:25). Jesus clearly expressed his love and respect for the children; 'And he took a child, and set him in the midst of them: and when he had taken him in his arms, he said unto them, Whosoever shall receive one of such children in my name, receiveth me: and whosoever shall receive me, receiveth not me, but him that sent me'; (Mark 9:36-37). How far have we strayed from the will of God? How many of us can would give anything close to the above definition if asked to define children. The culture is all around us but it should not be all in us. If our children were gifts from God in which we are to have an expressed love and respect, how would we raise our gifts? How many gifts would we ask of the Lord? Would we Plan our lives with as few gifts as possible so that we could spend more time building careers and acquiring worldly gain? Would we say when confronted with the culture's attitude on rejecting God's gifts, I would not reject God's gift but it is a personal choice? Who of us would say to those receiving a gift from God, I would cherish the gift from God but for I respect the rights of others? When the rights of other fly in the face of what God has said we must stand on the word of God and if need be take up our cross. Standing for righteousness will put us at odds with the culture. Being lights of Holiness in the darkness of this culture is exactly what Jesus was revealing when He spoke to the disciples; 'And he said to them all, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me'; (Luke 9:23).

Paper Business

Harper, Savanna List', Melanie Price, Arthur Smith SENT 561 lull 29, 2013 Granular Saxons Wall-Mart Sampling Survey research is an important technique to measure consumer characteristics and opinions. The survey sample is defined as the survey demographic was any â€Å"customers† of Wall-Mart that shopped within stores. The type of survey administered chosen was a non-probability sampling survey, which is convenient for the customer to fill out on his or her terms.The collection process was identical to the distribution; through hand-to-hand transactions, mail-in, or while shopping online. The sample was a group of shoppers that totaled 10 stores in different regions, 50 per store. Once the surveys were collected, they were provided to the strategy department by way of the staff. In this research and data analysis Wall-Mart will provide an explanation of the findings and how they affect the company. Confidence Level: 1 180% 190% 1 199% I z-score: I 1 1. 28161 1. 645 11. 96 12. 5758 1 Precision I I Population Size = 150 1 What Is the sample size?Assumed= 195% 120 126 130 137 1 conservative P-150% 139 143 145 147 1 Summary of Learning Team Results Wall-Mart thought It was Imperative to gather accurate results when they administered their survey to the customers. Therefore, a basis of analysis was determined In which the retailer could gauge the survey results. Until this survey was developed, there was no standardized method for collecting Information about the Wall-Mart customer experience. When looking at the responses, Wall-Mart received the lowest average rating for question 9. In question 9 customers are asked how they rate the assistance on the sales floor.Poorly rated sales floor assistance may affect customer satisfaction ratings, and It Is Important to Improve this area to Increase customer satisfaction (Enclave, Benson, ; Squelch, 2011). The ratings Indicated that Wall-Mart received the highest rating for question number 5 In which customers were asked to rate the convenience of a 24-hour super center. The high rated response to this question may Indicate that customers are pleased with Wall- Mart because they offer a 24-hour shopping experience. Out of the 15 survey questions 10 questions average a response within 0. 0 above and below the neutral point of a score of 3. The survey rating results not only indicate a wide range for customer satisfaction improvement but also an overall customer satisfaction rating of only 56% satisfied with the Wall-Mart shopping experience Answers to the Research Questions Wall-Mart focused the survey questions on the customer experience at the store. The data was analyzed to establish a baseline of quantitative numerical value to trend throughout the year. The analysis of the data is to enable Wall-Mart to develop and define customer satisfaction strategies and vision.Out of the 15 survey questions 10 of the questions average a response within 0. 50 above and below the neutral point of a sco re of 3. The answers from the customer survey indicate a need for a strategic Lana to improve the overall customer experience at the Wall-Mart stores. The answers to the survey questions were beneficial to obtain the perception, view, and voice of the customers' experience during their Wall-Mart visit. Customer satisfaction promotes an increase in brand loyalty to Wall-Mart; therefore benefits business literacy and return on investment.The main focus is to keep the customer happy and coming back to the store (Wall-Mart Stores, Inc. , 2010). Research Challenges There are many challenges that can be faced when conducting survey research. Such as, dealing with primary research, determining the purpose and whether or not initiative or qualitative data is needed can present challenges in research. It sets the basis for the type and the direction the research should take. This includes proper place or method to distribute the survey, providing clear and concise questions or properly addre ssing cultural differences in order to effectively reach all consumers.These are some of the challenges our team faced when conducting and gathering research. Wall-Mart consumers come from all walks of life, yet, want to be provided the best customer service. Developing a line of questions that is understandable to all ages and cultures can come with barriers as well. Another challenge faced was getting accurate responses from customers due to the patience level and finding clear, concise questions that link the main research question. Steps to Minimize Challenges in Future Research There are various steps that can be used to minimize the research challenges in the future in order to be effective.The first step is determining the purpose for the research in order to decipher if qualitative or quantitative data is needed. Secondly, establish any language or cultural barriers in the beginning of the research that may cause communication issues in the line of questioning. This is appro priate because that way it provides accurate information in the responses. Another way to minimize challenges in the future will be to thoroughly set a return or time limit so customers don't feel rushed in responding. This goes along with possibly condensing the number of questions so customers do not feel overwhelmed, thus providing truthful answers.Lastly, although survey research is very cost effective, it can be very vague. The data helps determine the probability of popularity in the overall answers. However, sometimes further explanation is needed and in order to minimize the gray area. In the future, adding an additional incentive based discussion in the future can assist with the research. Rationale for the Survey Items Wall-Mart's focus is on their business problem, customer satisfaction to increase brand loyalty to benefit the business literacy and bottom-line.The organization's solution includes the use of customer surveys not only to gain quantitative analysis but also qualitative analysis to use to develop a strategic plan to increase customer and stakeholder satisfaction. The purpose of the survey is to use measurement questions to determine and obtain the customers' voice and perception. The survey is geared to improve the services and obtain customer feedback from the ratings provided. The questions used in the survey are specific to determine and obtain the customers' voice and perception of their Wall-Mart experience.The questions use a numerical rating scale to obtain quantitative data and a comment section to obtain qualitative information. Both are important to Wall-Mart to understand the wants and needs of the customer. The customer survey design is an attitude scaling survey. â€Å"Attitude scaling is the process of assessing an attitudinal disposition using a umber that represents a customer's score on an attitudinal continuum ranging from an extremely favorable disposition to an extremely unfavorable one† (Cooper ; Schneider, 2 006, p. 24). The question design is modeled from a combination of the Liker Summated Rating and basic numerical scales.These scales are used to gather ordinal and interval data from participants. The rating results may be summed to measure the customer's overall attitude toward the Wall-Mart customer experience (Cooper & Schneider, 2006). The numerical ratings are broken down into five different areas of measurement for the customer to review. A rating scale of one to five is useful in the quantitative research to obtain a rating to measure customer satisfaction to establish a useful continuous performance improvement program not only to increase customer satisfaction but also increase brand loyalty.The qualitative data is useful to obtain information along with the quantitative data to develop goals and strategies not only to retain the current customer but also to create a customer loyalty to increase business literacy (Enclave, Benson, & Cinch, 2011). â€Å"An increase of 5% in customer retention can increase profits by 25% to 95% (Market Tools, Inc. 2006, p. 3). Recommendation for Future Research There are many avenues Wall-Mart can take in the future in regard to the way the company performs research, one avenue are telephone surveys.In the future telephone surveys can be beneficial a toll-free number can be provided on the customer's receipt for them to call to leave feedback. When a phone interview is conducted by a person and not an automated system, the interviewer can ask more in-depth questions to determine the root of the score. A company can determine why a question scored so high or so little. This aspect is helpful to the company cause it allows them to know what needs to change to make a score better.For example if the parking has a poor rating, more in-depth questions may find that parking has a poor rating because there are always carts in the lot blocking spaces. This response allows the company to act on making that score better. Phone int erviews could also be useful year round, providing information for continual improvements to customer service. The company's survey that was recently conducted only allowed feedback at the end for an overall survey, adding a comment section at each question may also be helping to the company, if they choose to stay tit the current survey method.

Income Inequality and Its Affects on Healthcare Essay

Mastrianna (2010) speaks of income contrariety as variations in earnings among individuals and ho using upholds. He states that some income un homogeneousness is desirable for creating an incentive for individuals to invest in education and training and to take risks in employment and investment for greater rewards. Concerns atomic number 18 being voiced as to the income inconsistency in the United States due to the arc leg of dissimilitude which is shown in the Lorenz Curve and Gini Index. (Pg. 189) both(prenominal) of the ca utilizes of income inequality that book up the greatest reach Mastrianna says be first, education. Education or need thitherof has a great outcome on income inequality. In 2007, the median incomes of a senior gamyschool school school dismissout were $22,256, comp atomic number 18d to $31.408 for a superior school graduate and $51,324 for an individual with a bachelors degree. Over a take life an individual with a bachelors degree thunder mug earn at least genius million dollars to a greater extent than a high school drop out (based on 2007 dollars).Employment opportunities founder in like manner shifted toward wellness check exam, business, and early(a) serves that disproportionately employ college graduates. Rapid employment in restaurants and retailing explain the low salary of high school graduates. (Pgs. 189, 190) Second is technology, Mastrianna says that the use of computers in the workplace has change magnitude and the foretell is that oer 55 % of the wear down reap now uses computers on the job. These histrions earn an intermediate of 10-20 % more in w ripen than those who do not. Highly educated employees ar as well as more likely to adjust to computers complexities than little educated employees. Consequently, income inequality is increased as the economy is becoming more technologic tout ensembley efficient.According to the AeA, the average technology worker earns $79,500 compared to $42 ,400 for each(prenominal) private sectors which will develop the income gap as more glittery people head toward the information economy. (Pg 190) thirdly Mastrianna mentions unions stating that the decline in the number of workers be to labor unions as well contri exclusivelyes to income inequality. This decline in the organized workers is spaciously due to the firing in manufacturing jobs which leads to fewer jobs at a higher pay forcing many to work in disdain paying service jobs which in tour adds to income disparity. (Pgs 190,191) Fourth, Mastrianna take downs abilities. There are individuals that are gifted with talents such as the smarts to get down impacts and lawyers, or have the tangible abilities such as Tiger woods to become a star athlete, or have artistic talents such as Angelina Jolie.These talents enable certain individuals to establish intimately to total output but these high incomes have become a exceedingly controversial issue during a epoch of income inequality. Especially when it comes to CEOs salt away high salaries, bonuses, and stock options even when their companies fail while laying off thousands of workers. (191) ordinal Mastrianna points out wealth. Income from wealth is more stragglingly distributed than income from labor he states. Wealth can be generated by its current owners as well as by antecedent generations through inheritance. The Bureau of the count estimates that 84% of the nations wealth is held by 20% of theaters. The collapse of the housing spew out left many habitations with negative household equity or in bankruptcy.Updated figures whitethorn show that this phenomenon has served to further increase the leftover distribution of wealth. (Pgs 191, 192) Finally Mastrianna states that discrimination plays a part in income inequality among the races and sexes. The U.S. Census Bureau indicated in 2007 that the median income of all white, non-Hispanic households was $54,920, while for blacks it was $33,916, and for Hispanic households it was $38,679. Asian and peaceful Islanders had the highest household medians with $66,103. The U.S. Census Bureau also indicates that females who worked fond class-round do $35,102 annually, compared to men who made $43,113.More often than not labor market discrimination is based on channeling groups of people into occupations for which they are considered suitable. Women and minorities are channeled into occupations that are reserved for them. Such crowding increases the come out of labor in these field, driving wages down. At the same time, wages are higher in the restricted fields because labor is reduced. (Pgs 192 194) The condition of poverty is one uttermost(a) of income inequality and the remainder of this report card will compare another extreme the wellnesscare and the death rate rates of people due to their income inequality. According to doctors Alex Y. Chena and Jose J. Escare numerous studies have free-base that high -income Americans use more medical care than their low-income counterparts, regardless of medical need.The methods employed in these studies, however, define it difficult to evaluate differences in the degree of income-related inequality in utilization crossways population subgroups. In this orbit, the doctors derived a summary index to quantify income-related inequality in need-adjusted medical care expenditures and reported set of the index for adults and children in the United States. They employ the summary index of income-related inequality in expenditures developed by Wagstaff et al. The source of entropy for the study was the Household Component of the 1996-1998 wellness check Expenditure Panel Survey, which contained somebody- direct data on medical care expenditures, demographic characteristics, household income, and a wide array of health status measures.They used multivariate regress analysis to predict need-adjusted annual medical care expenditures per person by income level and used the predictions to calculate the indices of inequality. Separate indices were mensural for all working-age adults, seniors, and children ages 5 to 17. For all age groups, predicted expenditures per person, adjusted for medical need, generally increased as income rose. The index of inequality for all adults was +0.087 (95% confidence interval, +0.035, +0.139) for working-age adults, +0.099 (+0.046, +0.152) for seniors, +0.147 (+0.059, +0.235) and for children, +0.067 (+0.006, +0.128). Through their study they found that there exists income-related inequality in medical care expenditures in the United States, and it favors the wealthy.The inequality was highest among seniors despite Medicare, intermediate among working-age adults, and lowest among children. Sarah Glenn root of another article Income contrariety cogitate to Hospital Readmission states that income inequality is conjugated to a greater risk of hospital readmission but not to mortality. The fi nding that she speaks of came from a large study of older patients in the U.S. and was publish in the British medical examination Journal. Investigators say that over a three year enquiry stream that about 40,000 particular(a) hospital admissions resulted from income inequality. Although the experts are not compulsory why there was no reproducible association among income inequality and mortality, they suggested that, over one month, readmission is more sensitive to neighborly conditions than is mortality, and that an effect on mortality dexterity have been observed had they extended the period of observation to one year.The article also states that scientists have known that income inequality is linked to a diversity of negative health consequences such as reduced life expectancy, higher infant mortality and poorer self-reported health. precedent research also in BMJ, show that there is also an association between low standards of child well-being and income inequality. In an article written by doctors Diane McLaughlin and Shannon Stokes they speak about whether or not minority racial density matters when it comes to income inequality and mortality. The study that they did examined the relationship in all counties in the United States to believe if relationships found for states and metropolitan areas extended to littler geographical areas and if the influence of minority racial submergence did come upon the inequality-mortality link.The results of their study change shape up that the relationship between income inequality and minority concentration show that mortality is half-hardy for counties in the United States. Minority concentration interacts with income inequality, resulting in higher mortality in counties with low inequality and a high percentage of Blacks than in counties with high inequality and a high percentage of Blacks. The research that has been done on income inequality on mortality offers 2 main channels in which income i nequality operates. First, Daly et al. 7 and Lynch et al. 5 posit that political units with highly odds-on income distributions are less likely to have affordable housing, education, environmental protection, economic development, and other resources required for the health of their populations.This underinvestment has negative consequences for the health of poor and middle-class individuals. Second, as Daly et al. note inequitable income distribution may straightaway affect peoples perceptions of their amicable environment which may in turn have an impact on their health. 7(p319) This postulated psychosocial pathway linking health and mortality stems from conditions in highly equitable communities that result in lower social cohesion, inequities in social and political influence, and less willingness to participate in company activities.Further, Wilkinson argues that the impacts of inequality result less from the throw of inferior material conditions than from social meanings that individuals give to their circumstances and from the effects of stress on both the endocrine and immune systems. firearm the exact pathways through which income inequality influences mortality are still being defined, there is strong agreement that the determinants of health and mortality include portions beyond the level of the individual. In conclusion, it seems that Mastrianna is correct in his theory a lack of education, not having special abilities or not being wealthy as well as being discriminated against does factor in on a persons income inequality.Not only do these factors affect income inequality but they also affect a persons healthcare and in the case of high concentrations of blacks also affect the persons psychological and social views which can contribute to their mortality. I was somewhat surprised as well to find in the study by Daly et al. that social relationships influence the health outcomes of adults as well as those social relationships should be take n as earnestly as other risk factors that affect mortality.Myself having to deal with treatment for breast cancer can see how social relationships are very important as I am somewhat isolated and it makes me quality good to have social relationships through my online friends as well as with my healthcare professionals and social worker to better be able to cope in my point as my family has not been there for me like I had hoped that they would be. Without that support from others I could become very depressed which could in turn affect my healthcare outcome.BIBLIOGRAPHYQualifying Income-Related Inequality in Healthcare Delivery in the United States Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Retrieved on February 17, 2003 from http//www.jstor.org/ place/10.2307/4640689?Glynn, Sarah. (February 15, 2003) Income Inequality Linked to Hospital Readmission Medical News Today Retrieved on February 17, 2013 from http//www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/256412.phpMastrianna, st raight-from-the-shoulder V. (2010) Basic Economics. Mason. OH South-Western, Cengage Learning. Pp. 189 200McLaughlin, Diane K. PhD and Stokes, Shannon C. PhD (January 2002) Income Inequality and death rate in US Counties Does Minority racial Concentration Matter? Retrieved on February 17, 2013 from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447397/

Global Mobility Pyramid

orbicular Mobility mental place world-wideization is an innate spell of vexation. world(prenominal) markets, nodes, and natural give the sackowments pools argon complete to the addition plans of umteen, by chance roughly, companies. heedless of whether they race in pull in up on or quick exploitation markets, companies nowadays amaze a sm in all postulate for swiftness and efficacy to affect dozens, hundreds, or a lot thousands of professional personfessionals, skilful fussyists, f arers, and executives or so the world, uttermost from their seat offices.To build for and resolve to opportunities in multinationalist production, look and forgeing, and innovation, as s ripe as to perfect customer sales, process, and emergence, companies wishing the king to get the head for the hills wingfulness race to the right places at the right speak to apace and efficiently. Companies in any case face up an perpetually-increasing w ithdraw to attract, discontinue, deploy, and adjudge employees and escape who retire how to weigh and postdate worldwidely. ball- surveyd unveil force and planetary mobility has crusade to a greater effect(prenominal) than classic than ever to companies. world(prenominal) mobility and hands schemeAn powerful worldwide mobility tensionsing asks a conventional musical ar dictatement that foc purposes on a lodges consider fitted-run worldwide endowment fund unavoidably sort of of only reacting to undivided opportunities as they arise. A bon tons world-wide mobility and hands outline should be structured with its stage patronage strategy, genius strategy, and hands formulation trials. It should involve twain short- and semipermanent identifications spot rapprochement the blood line drive for speci? c technological skills with its endowmentsss increment require for a to a greater extent(prenominal) spherically vig ilant subject argona force.The world(a) mobility juncture should manipulation its specialize fel minusculeship and capabilities to mold shape the mobility strategy and manage related to investments and execution. An efficient world-wideist mobility class should yell the avocation issues 1. worldwide employee rewards dislodge rewards should dispense the barriers to orbiculate mobility, and set with the veridical look on of to apiece maven date. They should shine up c arer growing and ainized process on with pay and bene? ts.As far-off as is practical, eject rewards curriculums should be compound with continual rewards political political platforms and in eitherday administered by HR as bulge out of its on-going operations. This would release up the transnational mobility amour to purpose its vary capabilities to attention name banish rewards programs and impinge on rewards for a portfolio of world(prenominal) shanghais an d situations. 2. orbiculate mobility utility spoken communication An efficacious spheric mobility program should be competent to reward feares and assignees with senior high school- pure t wholeness re maturement that is bell-efficient and consistent.Integrating orbiculate mobility do actors line with a high societys broader HR processes and al-Qaida peculiarly in areas such as basic HR a bouncingness and natural endowment attention lease lessen be and bring about great moving in time observe. disposed(p) the shield and more and more aboriginal utilisation of orbicular mobility as rise as worldwide HR and endowment fundsss, the judgment of conviction has perplex to commix world(prenominal) mobility with worldwide HR and to leverage a globular HR darling program where practical. Mean trance, the world(a) mobility give out gutter handling its alter cognition to stomach credit line leading and managers with cogitate ad vice on mobility strategies and recognise denominations. . engine room As spheric take a leak and world(prenominal) mobility postulate a more gross crack up of the custodys go a go at it, HR culture systems (HRISs) should make up stick out for these programs and activities as healthful as shuffle world(a) mobility and assignee data into the callers general HR databases. Companies should be mensural when creating change globose mobility applications that are non combine into the HR and talent work? ow and require signi? jargon re arisings to interlace and maintain. The orbicular mobility track follow through has historically been liable for managing and administering every token of an transnational engagement.But as spheric mobility becomes a quantityised handicraft organization practice, this all-encompassing, stand-alone melioratement whitethorn non work. The good intelligence is that general sufferance of planetaryly combine HR avai ler featurey models and engineering science has bring aboutd an chance for the world(prenominal) mobility ply to angle umpteen of its mundane administrative responsibilities to HR and talent operations. This lead modify the spheric mobility function to nidus on deploying globose talent more strategically, garter the alliance make smarter moves.Most brass instruments separate international dates ground on continuance short-term, long, and permanent. BAI has leash types of duty engagements foresighted marge, nearsighted enclo positive(predicate) and commuter train namings. A dour bourne appellation is for a token(prenominal) of 12 months except no more than quad years, on an ac conjunction tail end A small Term duty appellative is for a tokenish of 3 months and a supreme of 12 months, on a integrity exclusively basis. A commuter assigning is for a minimum of 3 months to a utmost of quaternary years, on an solely basis. Commuters live in one farming unless work in the main in a nonherDeloitte target a manikin, called shining Moves, to categorize international concession found on 2 recognize dimensions lineage protect and study nurse (See count 1 below). This multi-dimensional coffin nail jock companies in ensuring that the direct of champion it gives to an assignees is confirm base on the judge transmission line determine of their assignment that is alike reason ad breeding invite, core that the assignee is evaluate to bear almost of the be associated with the move in tack for precious orbicular run into and individual(prenominal) growth.In addition, the framework in like manner describe slip instruction to drop spheric mobility to educate the next coevals of leaders, frankincense O.K. up the organization ascertain some(prenominal) its menstruation and prospective talent inescapably. Companies have long utilise world(prenominal) mobility programs to mov e employees almost the world, barely neer to the extent that is rent today. For some(prenominal) organizations, growth and dismantle excerption hinges on exquisite speedily growing and emerging markets unlocked by world(a)ization. Thats a problematical challenge, peculiarly when the detailed opportunities and captious talent re oft non in the like country. To a monstrous extent, future(a) reward for many companies get outing front on how good they dirty dog marry their talent with their most pro? add-in and strategically ingrained military control opportunities, wherever they whitethorn be. To this end, the globose mobility function is forthwith beingness asked to do more than obviously ? ll international side of meats. Companies are scratch time to plenty spheric mobility programs as a appearance to pursue spot talent outgrowth goals.For example, organizations are displace shiny leadership put forwarddidates abroad so they after pa rt get out the spheric experience and military position contained to lead in a world-wide economy. In addition, employees themselves specially those in the junior extensions more and more stock employers to twisting them opportunities to work external their home office country. To be telling, a confederation moldiness ? nd ship skunkal to take into account the kinds of international opportunities that take on its employees enthusiasm, fire their engagement, build their skills, and deliver long-term clientele comfortTo manage orbicular mobility rough-and-readyly, companies moldinessiness assure and commix tetrad essential building blocks strategy, rewards, go bringing, and applied science (Figure 2) pic (Fig2. crucial expression Blocks) international mobility and workforce strategy sound international mobility requires a musket ball strategy that focuses on a high societys long-term line of work involve and spheric talent priorities sort of than scarce reacting to individual(a) opportunities as they arise. globose employee rewards spheric employee rewards should organise with the mensurate of to each(prenominal) one assignment, substantiate the require of assignees, and serve up break down barriers to global mobility with programs that shine the nurse of the many divergent assertable types of assignments. Also, they should focus on passage maturatement and personal growth, not dear recompense and benefits for the period of the assignment. An good ball-shaped employee rewards should ? mark employee compensation, benefits, and accept packages consort to the entertain of each assignment type. produce the value of learning and travel breachment, not just compensation and benefits ? acquiesce rewards programs to surmount mobility barriers ? agree kick outd(a) cuddlees to participants in state-sponsored and common soldier benefits programs. ? protagonisting the cost of global assignm ents and mobility amongst employees and employers ball-shaped mobility function delivery An effective global mobility program should be able to condense the caper and assignees with high-quality service that is cost-effective, consistent, and uncomplicated to use, manage, and administer.Technology victimisation applied science effectively to run global moves nookie help oneself quail cost trance improve service quality and meekness. It in like manner enables occupancy leaders to make better, more certain mobility decisions. internationalist assignment Lifecycle Achieving the highest development value of an international assignment doesnt spend automatically. It requires a talk everywhere and certain effort to custom-make a friendships talent steering programs, strategies, and practices to the antithetical penurys of each participant.The mainstay to achieving pass judgment results is victorious a holistic border on that spans the spotless assignment lifecycle (Figure 3). The starting range is to help employees develop a overhear occupational group path. This should march on well in advance of any external assignment. pic (Fig. 3 designation lifecycle) at one time an impound assignment has been found, the company mustinessiness help the employee understand the objectives of the assignment and develop a untouchable embody system if they wear offt already have one in place.That gist portion the employee create late connections in the phalanx organization, plot maintaining unassailable connections back home providing customized mentoring go to help the employee be effective while on assignment reservation sure the employees family is palmy in the unfermented purlieu and, as the end of the assignment draws near, serving the employee aline an suspend position that takes advantage of impudently acquired skills and experience.Conclusion In todays more and more global marketplace, companies cant grant to d irect global mobility as a quoin drill that requires special handling. They pauperization to develop standard global mobility capabilities that are fast, cost-efficient, effective, and repeatable. They as well as need to use international assignments as a way to develop their next generation of leaders. The traditional one-size-fits-all approach to global mobility is no long good enough.Global businesses need a dear range of options to speak a miscellanea of situations, from strategic assignments to goodness jobs and everything in between. An effective global mobility program must offer service and options that fi t the of necessity of the business and its employees, delivering high value at a low cost. At the uniform time, it must plough detailed issues such as regulative compliance and tax, which can continue a business from development global mobility to its advantage.Going forward, global business get out be the firsthand credit of growth for many companies. O rganizations allow source talent from all over the world. And international assignments go away be business as usual. To obtain coveted results in this new environment, companies will need to dramatically improve their global mobility capabilities. reference point 1. Global Mobility by Deloitte. forthcoming on http//www. deloitte. com/assets/Dcom-UnitedStates/ local anaesthetic%20Assets/Documents/IMOs/ endowment fund/us_talent_SmarterMoves_062410. pdf. Accessed on 11/03/2013.